perkaumanBahasa Indonesia

Denoting or deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of people

English: cultural, ethnic, ethnical

Bahasa: bangsa, kaum, asli, tradisional, kebudayaan, etnik

Of or characteristic of race or races or arising from differences among groups

English: racial

Bahasa: bangsa, ras

For or by a group rather than individuals

English: communal

Bahasa: kaum

Less certain link between this word and this sense.